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Syaikh Abdul Baqi Al-Qalini, Grand Syaikh Al-Azhar yang Jejaknya tak dikenali

30 Jan 2023 03:48 WIB
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Syaikh Abdul Baqi Al-Qalini, Grand Syaikh Al-Azhar yang Jejaknya tak dikenali Syaikh Abdul Baqi Al-Qalini, Grand Syaikh Al-Azhar yang Jejaknya tak dikenali

Al-Azhar sebagai pusat keilmuan Islam dunia telah melewati berbagai jaman. Usai didirikan di masa dinasti Fathimiyah, Al-Azhar tetap kokoh berdiri. Tak heran, Al-Azhar mencatat ratusan pemimpinnya pula.

Salah satunya adalah Syaikh ‘Abdul Baqi Al-Qalini, beliau merupakan Syaikh Al-Azhar ke-empat. Sebagaimana nama belakangnya dinasabkan, ia lahir di sebuah desa kecil di provinsi Kafr Al-Sheikh bernama desa Qalini.

Menjadi penghafal quran sedari kecil merupakan budaya di berbagai desa di Tanah Arab, termasuk desa Qalini tempat Syaikh ‘Abdul Baqi berasal. Anak-anak kecil desa akan dikirim orang tua mereka kepada para Huffaz dan Qurra’ untuk belajar dan menghafalkan kalam Allah, meski lisan mereka sendiri belum sempurna berbicara.

Syaikh Qalini kecil bersama anak-anak desa lainnya telah mengkhatamkan hafalan 30 juznya di usia yang begitu dini.

Pengembaraan Keilmuan

Sejarah mencatat beliau pergi dari tanah kelahirannya di Desa Qalini menuju Kairo guna menuntut ilmu, dari safar keilmuan inilah beliau bertemu dengan Syaikh Ibrahim Al-Barmawi dan Syaikh Muhammad An-Nasyrati. Syaikh Barmawi sendiri adalah grand syaikh Al-Azhar kedua, diikuti Syaikh Nasyrati yang meneruskan jabatan grand syaikh ketiga setelahnya.

Dengan ini, syaikh Qalini menadah ilmu langsung dari sumber yang tak sembarangan. Dua guru yang sama-sama menjadi grand syaikh Al-Azhar tersebut sedikit-banyak mempengaruhi kualitas keilmuan syaikh Qalini muda di masa mendatang.

Usai bergabung di majelis-majelis ilmu Al-Azhar, tak butuh waktu lama bagi syaikh Qalini agar dikenal pelajar Al-Azhar sekaligus para masyayikhnya pada waktu itu sebagai sosok yang cerdas, kuat hafalannya dan merdu tilawahnya.

Dalam madzhab fiqih, beliau adalah seorang Maliki, mengikuti gurunya syaikh Nasyrati yang merupakan ulama terkemuka madzhab Maliki pada masanya.

Murid Syaikh Qalini

Sebagaimana disebutkan oleh Al-Jabarti seorang ahli sejarah Mesir, salah satu murid terkemuka syaikh Qalini adalah syeikh Muhammad Salah Al-Barlusi. Melalui catatan kecil yang ditemukan di salah satu kitab terdahulu, dapat diketahui bahwa ribuan pelajar dari luar Kairo hingga luar Mesir datang untuk menadah ilmu kepada beliau.

Riwayat juga menyebutkan syaikh Qalini terkenal paling getol dalam menasehati murid-muridnya untuk menaruh perhatian yang tinggi terhadap kitab-kitab turats, beliau juga berpesan bahwa khazanah keilmuan yang luar biasa luas hanya bisa didapat dengan mengkaji dan meneliti kitab karangan para ulama nan luhur.

Jabatan Grand Syaikh Al-Azhar

Syaikh Qalini menjabat sebagai Grand Syaikh Al-Azhar tepat saat kerajaan islam pada waktu itu mengalami masa yang sangat sulit, dimana konflik panas internal Dinasti Mamalik berada di puncaknya, ditambah dengan dinasti Utsmaniyah yang baru muncul berusaha merebut kekuasaan yang ada.

Mesir yang saat itu berada di bawah kekuasaan era Mamalik turut mengalami imbas dari gejolak tersebut, dampak besarnya ada dalam sistem administrasi, semua catatan penting yang terjadi di Mesir pada waktu itu menjadi rusak dan penuh kecacatan. Maka tak heran kalau tak ada tanggal pasti kapan Syaikh Qalini dilahirkan.

Rusaknya sistem administrasi ini membuat karya-karya penting syaikh Qalini hilang tak berbekas. Bahkan tanggal hingga lokasi dimana beliau wafat juga tak pernah diketahui.

Gejolak kekuasaan Mamalik ini merambat hingga ke ranah internal Al-Azhar, berbagai pihak ingin merebut kursi Grand Syaikh meski orang tersebut jauh dari kata layak dari segi keilmuan dan adabnya.

Hal ini lah yang membuat rekan dan murid-murid Syaikh Qalini berjuang mempertahankan kemuliaan posisi Grand Syaikh dari manusia-manusia yang serakah. Mereka menganggap Syaikh Qalini yang paling berhak melanjutkan estafet kepemimpinan Al-Azhar.

Meski saat itu Syaikh Qalini berada jauh di luar Kairo, tapi rekan dan murid-murid beliau mati-matian memperjuangkan hal tersebut. Pemilihan umum untuk posisi Grand Syaikh Al-Azhar akhirnya dilakukan.

Syaikh Qalini terpilih dalam pemilihan umum tersebut, meski beliau tak pernah memiliki ambisi untuk meraih posisi itu. Dalam salah satu riwayat sampai menyebutkan bahwa beliau tak pernah sekalipun duduk di kursi Grand Syaikh di kantornya.

Syaikh Qalini diangkat menjadi Grand Syaikh keempat Al-Azhar selepas kematian guru tercintanya Syaikh Nasyrati pada tahun 1120 H atau bertepatan dengan tahun 1709 M.

Dengan nihilnya tanggal kelahiran, karya-karya penting hingga lokasi makam beliau, semakin menguatkan bukti keluhuran akhlak dan kezuhudan syaikh Qalini. Nampaknya dunia tak begitu penting bagi beliau, sebab kehidupan abadi di akhirat lebih berarti, di sana lah nanti semua jejak peran beliau bagi Al-Azhar dan dunia akan terbukti, tepat di hadapan Sang Khalik.

Beliau menghadap Sang Khalik tepat pada tahun 1132 H atau 1719 M.

Rosti Hanifa Salsabila
Rosti Hanifa Salsabila / 20 Artikel

Akrab dipanggil Elsa. Gadis asal Demak penikmat soto, alumni Muhammadiyah Boarding School Yogyakarta dan kini sedang nyantri di Al-Azhar Kairo. Cinta sejarah dan lumayan terpikat dengan astronomi.

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