Fatwa

Al-Azhar Jelaskan Hukum Memakamkan Dua Jenazah dalam Satu Liang Lahat

08 Nov 2021 07:09 WIB
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Al-Azhar Jelaskan Hukum Memakamkan Dua Jenazah dalam Satu Liang Lahat Diperbolehkan memakamkan jenazah laki-laki dalam satu liang lahat dengan jenazah perempuan dalam keadaan darurat.

Termasuk kewajiban yang harus dilaksanakan terhadap mayit adalah memakamkan jenazah, setelah memandikan, mengkafani, dan menyalatinya terlebih dahulu bagi jenazah muslim.

Pada dasarnya, setiap jenazah dikuburkan dalam satu liang lahat sendiri-sendiri dalam keadaan normal.

Namun tidak jarang pula ada dua jenazah, entah itu sejenis yakni keduanya laki-laki atau keduanya perempuan, atau berbeda jenis yakni laki-laki dan perempuan dikuburkan dalam satu liang lahat.

Merespon fenomena ini, Komisi Fatwa Majma’ Al-Buhuts Al-Islamiyyah di bawah naungan Al-Azhar Asy-Syarif menyampaikan pandangannya menurut syara’ mengenai pemakaman jenazah laki-laki dan perempuan dalam satu liang lahat, misalnya suami istri.

Sebaiknya, hal demikian (memakamkan dua jenazah dalam satu liang) tidak dilakukan kecuali dalam beberapa kondisi darurat secara syara’ seperti banyaknya jenazah dalam satu waktu, sehingga menyulitkan untuk membuat beberapa liang kubur bagi tiap-tiap jenazah. Dan menjadikan pembatas berupa tanah antara kedua jenazah tersebut. Namun apabila tidak dalam kondisi darurat, maka hal itu hukumnya makruh menurut pendapat yang Rajih di kalangan fuqaha.

Memakamkan satu jenazah dalam satu liang kubur merupakan praktek yang diwariskan sejak masa Rasulullah saw. hingga masa sekarang ini. Lihatlah kuburan orang-orang muslim masa lalu di pemakaman Baqi’ hingga sekarang ini, dimana para sahabat dimakamkan baik laki-laki maupun perempuan, masing-masing dari mereka ditempatkan dalam satu lahat sendiri-sendiri.

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Imam Abdullah bin Mahmud bin Maudud Al-Mushalli Al-Hanafi mengatakan:

وَيُكْرَهُ أَنْ يُدْفَنَ اثْنَانِ فِي قَبْرٍ وَاحِدٍ إِلا لِضَرُورَةٍ ، وَيُجْعَلُ بَيْنَهُمَا تُرَابٌ

“Dimakruhkan memakamkan dua orang dalam satu liang lahat, kecuali karena kondisi dharurat, dan keduanya harus disekat/dipisah dengan tanah.”

Al-Allamah Al-Haththab Al-Maliki juga berkata demikian ketika menjelaskan pendapat Asy-Syaikh Khalil dalam salah satu kitab induk madzhab Maliki yakni Mukhtashar Khalil:

وَيُكْرَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ ضَرُورَةٍ, وَيُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَالرَّجُلِ فِي قَبْرٍ لِلضَّرُورَةِ

“Dalam kondisi tidak dharurat, dimakruhkan mengumpulkan jenazah laki-laki dan perempuan dalam satu liang lahat.”

Syaikh Al-‘Amrani Asy-Syafi’i mengatakan:

وإن دعت ضرورة أن يدفن رجل مع امرأة في قبر ... جعل الرجل قدامها، وجعل بينهما حاجز من تراب

“Jika dalam kondisi darurat, dituntut untuk mengubur jenazah laki-laki dengan jenazah perempuan dalam satu liang kubur, maka keduanya harus disekat dengan tanah, dan jenazah laki-laki diletakkan di depan jenazah perempuan (menghadap kiblat).”

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Demikian pula pendapat dalam madzhab Hanbali, sebagaimana yang dikatakan Ibnu Qudamah Al-Hanbali:

وَلا يُدْفَنُ اثْنَانِ فِي قَبْرٍ وَاحِدٍ ، إلا لِضَرُورَةٍ

“Dua jenazah tidak boleh dikuburkan dalam satu liang kubur, kecuali dalam kondisi dharurat.”

Para ulama fikih mencontohkan keadaan darurat yang diperbolehkannya memakamkan jenazah laki-laki dengan jenazah perempuan sebagaimana perkataan Imam Ar-Ramli Asy-Syafi’i:

كَكَثْرَةِ الْمَوْتَى وَعُسْرِ إفْرَادِ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ بِقَبْرٍ

“Seperti banyaknya jenazah dan menyulitkan untuk membuatkan mereka satu liang lahat untuk masing-masing jenazah.”

Berdasarkan pendapat-pendapat di atas, diperbolehkan memakamkan jenazah laki-laki dalam satu liang lahat dengan jenazah perempuan dalam keadaan dharurat, namun harus memisahkan keduanya dengan tanah. Adapun dalam keadaan normal, sebaiknya satu liang untuk satu jenazah.

Imam Syafi’i mengatakan:

وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تُدْفَنَ الْمَرْأَةُ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى حَالٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ ضَرُورَةٌ، وَلَا سَبِيلَ إلَى غَيْرِهَا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ أَمَامَهَا، وَهِيَ خَلْفَهُ، وَيُجْعَلُ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلِ وَالْمَرْأَةِ فِي الْقَبْرِ حَاجِزٌ مِنْ تُرَابٍ

“Aku tidak suka, jenazah perempuan dikuburkan dalam satu liang lahat bersama jenazah laki-laki, meskipun itu darurat, dan tidak ada cara lain selainnya, maka jenazah laki-laki diletakkan di depan jenazah perempuan, dan keduanya diberi pemisah berupa tanah.”

Demikian penjelasan hukum dari al-Azhar tentang hukum memakamkan dua jenazah dalam satu liang lahat. Wallahu a’lam.

Baca tulisan menarik lainnya tentang fatwa al-Azhar di sini.

Arif Khoiruddin
Arif Khoiruddin / 102 Artikel

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